Lunar New Year Vocabulary: Essential Chinese Words and Phrases for Spring Festival
Nǐ hǎo, language learners! As families across Asia and around the world prepare to celebrate Lunar New Year, also known as the Spring Festival (春节, Chūnjié), it’s the perfect time to build your Mandarin Chinese vocabulary while learning about one of the most important cultural celebrations of the year.
From red lanterns and firecrackers to family reunions and wishes for prosperity, this guide explores Lunar New Year vocabulary in Chinese through meaningful, real-world traditions—ideal for students, heritage learners, and anyone interested in cultural language learning. This Lunar New Year vocabulary is presented in Mandarin Chinese using simplified characters.
What Is Lunar New Year?
Lunar New Year marks the beginning of the new year based on the lunar calendar. It is widely celebrated in China, Taiwan, Singapore, Vietnam, Korea, and by Chinese communities worldwide. Each year is associated with one of the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac, symbolizing different traits and fortunes.
In Chinese culture, Lunar New Year represents renewal, family togetherness, and welcoming good fortune. Homes are cleaned to sweep away bad luck, red decorations are displayed for prosperity, and families gather for reunion meals filled with symbolic foods.
Lunar New Year Vocabulary: Core Words to Know
| Chinese Word / Phrase | Pinyin | English Meaning | Cultural Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| 春节 | Chūnjié | Spring Festival | Lunar New Year celebration |
| 农历新年 | Nónglì Xīnnián | Lunar New Year | Formal term for the holiday |
| 新年 | Xīnnián | New Year | Beginning of the new lunar year |
| 年 | Nián | Year | Linked to the legend of the Nian monster |
| 福 | Fú | Good fortune | Displayed on doors for luck |
Celebration Vocabulary: Festive Words and Traditions
| Chinese Word / Phrase | Pinyin | English Meaning | Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| 灯笼 | Dēnglóng | Lantern | Hung in homes and streets |
| 鞭炮 | Biānpào | Firecrackers | Used to scare away bad luck |
| 春联 | Chūnlián | Spring couplets | Red banners with good wishes |
| 装饰 | Zhuāngshì | Decoration | Red and gold New Year décor |
| 舞龙 / 舞狮 | Wǔlóng / Wǔshī | Dragon / Lion dance | Performed for luck and joy |
Did you know?
The character 福 (fú) is often hung upside down because “upside down” (倒, dào) sounds like “arrive” (到, dào), symbolizing good fortune arriving.
Spiritual and Cultural Vocabulary
| Chinese Word / Phrase | Pinyin | English Meaning | Cultural Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 祭祖 | Jìzǔ | Ancestor worship | Honoring family ancestors |
| 好运 | Hǎoyùn | Good luck | Common New Year wish |
| 平安 | Píng’ān | Peace and safety | Blessings for the year |
| 吉祥 | Jíxiáng | Auspicious | Describes lucky symbols |
| 团圆 | Tuányuán | Reunion | Core Lunar New Year value |
Food and Family Vocabulary
| Chinese Word / Phrase | Pinyin | English Meaning | Cultural Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 饺子 | Jiǎozi | Dumplings | Wealth and prosperity |
| 年夜饭 | Niányèfàn | New Year’s Eve dinner | Family reunion meal |
| 鱼 | Yú | Fish | Symbolizes abundance |
| 家庭 | Jiātíng | Family | Center of the celebration |
| 亲戚 | Qīnqi | Relatives | Gather during the holiday |
| 红包 | Hóngbāo | Red envelope | Gift for luck and fortune |
Bonus Lunar New Year Expressions and Phrases
| Chinese Phrase | Pinyin | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 新年快乐! | Xīnnián kuàilè | Happy New Year! |
| 恭喜发财! | Gōngxǐ fācái | Wishing you wealth and prosperity |
| 万事如意! | Wànshì rúyì | May everything go well |
| 过年 | Guònián | To celebrate the New Year |
| 辞旧迎新 | Cí jiù yíng xīn | Out with the old, in with the new |
Why Learn Lunar New Year Vocabulary?
Learning vocabulary tied to cultural celebrations like Lunar New Year helps learners:
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Connect language to real-life traditions
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Build cultural literacy alongside communication skills
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Use Mandarin more naturally in meaningful contexts
Language learning isn’t just about words—it’s about culture, history, and shared experiences.
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Final Words: Celebrate the New Year with Confidence 🧧
Whether you’re sharing dumplings, giving red envelopes, or learning new vocabulary from home, you now have the words—and cultural insight—to celebrate Lunar New Year with confidence.
Say “新年快乐!” (Xīnnián kuàilè!) and start the year with language, culture, and good fortune.
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